كيف تصبح ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ان ﻣﻬﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ، ﻣﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﺠﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . ﻭ ﻳﺤﻠﻢ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ
ان ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻪ
ﺑﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﻩ .
-1 ﻗﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻙ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻲ ﺗﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺎﻗﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﻫﻠﻚ
ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ 3 ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻪ - ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴه ﺷﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
. ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ .
ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ . ﻓﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ( 20/20 ) ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻌﻤﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﻮﺍﻥ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻊ -
ﻓﺤﺺ ﻻﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ( ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ) -
ﺻﻮﺭﻩﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺑﻮ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺪﺭﻩ
ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﻼﺳﻨﺎﻥ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ .
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .
-2 ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺩﺗﻚ ﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﻪ .
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ICAO ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ .
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻝ
TOFEL 500 ﺍﻭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻝ IELTS 5.5 ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ .
-3 ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
. ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﻮﺭ . ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ؟
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ؟
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ . ؟
ﻭ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﺍﻧﺼﺤﻚ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ .
-4 ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻦ 4 ﺭﺧﺺ
.
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ Private Pilot License
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Commercial Pilot License
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ Instrument Rating
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻮﻳﻪ Airline Transport Pilot License ATPL
ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ PPL
ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ
ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺳﺘﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﺭﺿﻲ CGI ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ .
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ .
ﺍﻥ المنهج ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺑﻲ JAA ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ لمنهج ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ FAA , ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ المهجين .
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ .
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﻪ .
Air Law & ATC procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ
. Operational procedure
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ
Aircraft general knowledge
ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ
Flight performance and planning
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻪ )
Human performance
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ Meteorology
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ Navigation
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Principles of flight
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ Communication
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ . Aircraft operation manual
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ .
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﻄﺎﺋﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺮﻭﺣﻪ . ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻴﻪ .
ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ في ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ .
ﻭ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻨﺎ 152 Cessna
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺑﺒﻀﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ . ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻛﻚ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻟﺘﺎﺧﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ الوقت . ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻚ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ
-Taxi ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ Takeoff &
-Landing ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻝ
Fundamentals
of Flight and Basic Airwork
. ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
.1 ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ في ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ Effect and use of flight controls to
maintain desired flight attitude .
.2 ﺑﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﺭﺽ ﻛﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻟﻴﻼ
ﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮ
Use
outside references and cross-check with instruments for pitch,
bank, and power control .
.3 ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻔﻀﻬﺎ Trim technique .
.4 ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻱ
ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ . VFR Proper visual scanning and collision avoidance .
.5 ﺍﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻭ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ Methods that can
be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling .
.6 ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ، ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ - ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ
ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ Straight-and-level, climbs, descents, turns, and combinations .
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻝ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺩﺍﺅﻙ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ . ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝ First Solo ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ايضا ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ اكثر ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺏ ﻣﻨﻚ .
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻭ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ .Solo ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ للنجاحفي ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ 40 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Solo ﻭ
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ:
ﻛﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ b) Preflight procedures
ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ c) Airport base operations
ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ d) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ e) Performance maneuvers
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺿﻲ ﻛﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ f) Ground reference
maneuvers
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ g) Navigation
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ h) Slow flight and
stalls
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ i) Basic instrument maneuvers
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ j) Emergency operations
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻼ k) Night operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ l) Postflight procedures ;
.2 ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ Cross Country *ﺍﻱ ﺗﻘﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻬﺒﻂ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﺮ . ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ Solo ﻭ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ 150 Nm ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ
ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
.3 3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ . ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ) .
.4 ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 10 ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ 10 ﻫﺒﻮﻁ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ Full Stop.
5. 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
.6 3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ
.6 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Solo ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ Cross Country ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﻪ 150 ﻣﻴﻞ
ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
( ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻮﻝ . ﺍﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ FAA ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻖ
ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ )
ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ . ﺛﻢ
ﺳﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ . ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ
ﺳﻴﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻄﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ
ﻣﻨﻚ . ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺍﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ .
-2 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ Commercial Pilot Training .
ﺳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ
. ﺑﺎﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ .ومنها
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Air law
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ Communication
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ Operating procedures
ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ Mass and balance
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ Meteorology
ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ Aircraft general knowledge
ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ Flight planning
ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ Performance
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ General navigation
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ Radio navigation
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ Human performance
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Principles of flight
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ دراسه ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ . ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ
ﺑﺬﻝ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺆﻫﻼ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻭ High Horse Power ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻝ Cessna 172 .
ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ Cessna
.152
.1 ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ 150 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ
100 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ Solo.
50 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ .
20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Cross Country ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 300 ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ night VFR conditions .
3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ .
ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ تضمن ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ .
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation b) Preflight procedures
ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ c) Airport base operations
ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ d) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ e) Performance maneuvers
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ f) Ground reference maneuvers
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ g) Navigation
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ h) Slow flight and stalls
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ i) Emergency operations
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ j) High-altitude operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ k) Postflight procedures .
ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ Check Ride . ﺍﺻﺒﺤﺖ
ﺍﻻﻥ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻳﺤﻖ ﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺟﺮ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ 50 ﻣﻴﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ
ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ VFR ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻼ .
ﺍﺫﺍ ﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ .
ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ Instrument Rating
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ لركاب ﺍﻭقائد لطائره ﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﺟﻮﺍﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺅﻳﻪ ﺍﻡ ﻻ . ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ .
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ . ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻚ
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ .Simulator
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
ﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ a-Airplane Instrument
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ b-Attitude Instrument Flying
ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ c-Navigation Systems
ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ d-Aviation Regulations
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ Holdings and Instrument approach
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ f-Aviation Weather
ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ g-Charts
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ d-Aeromedical Factors
ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
-1 50 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Cross Country ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 250 ﻣﻴﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺟﻬﺰﻩ
ﺍﻝ Navigation ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 6 Insrument Approach, Holding
procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses using
navigational systems
2- 40 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ IFR ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 15 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻏﺒﻮﻙ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ b) Preflight procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺐ c) Air traffic control clearances and
procedures
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ d) Flight by reference to instruments
ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ e) Navigation systems
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ f) Instru ment approach procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ g) Emergency operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ h) Postflight procedures
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻲ
ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ ﺍﻻ ﻭ ﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ Multi-Engine Add-on
ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ . ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ
ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Cpl ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ Ppl ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ .
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ:
-1 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻻ Piper Aztec ﺍﻭ Piper Seneca
ﻳﺘﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ،
-2 ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ Airplane POH
-3 ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻮﻳﻪ Airline Trasport Pilot License
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻖ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ PIC ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﺍﻧﻮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ CPL/IR ﻛﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ
ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ First Officer ﻭ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﺘﻦ PIC ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻪ FAA ﻭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﻴﻦ CAAP ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ حاصلا ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Cpl
ﻣﻊ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ IR ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 1500 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ . ﻭ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ للحصول علي ﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﻮ 23 ﺳﻨﻪ
.
ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ Frozen ATPL
ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻛﺎﺩﻣﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻲ 14 ﻣﺎﺩﻩ .
MODULE 1
.1 Human Performance & Limitations
2. Air Law & ATC Procedures
3. Operational Procedures
4. VFR Communications
5. IFR Communications
6. Meteorology
MODULE 2
.7 Principles of Flight
8. Performance
9. Flight Planning
10. General Navigation
11. Mass & Balance
MODULE 3
.12 Aircraft General Knowledge
13. Instrumentation
14 Radio Navigation
ان ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺑﻲ...
ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ان ﻣﻬﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ، ﻣﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﺠﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . ﻭ ﻳﺤﻠﻢ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ
ان ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻪ
ﺑﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﻩ .
-1 ﻗﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻙ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻲ ﺗﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺎﻗﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﻫﻠﻚ
ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ 3 ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻪ - ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴه ﺷﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
. ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ .
ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ . ﻓﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ( 20/20 ) ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻌﻤﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﻮﺍﻥ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻊ -
ﻓﺤﺺ ﻻﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ( ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ) -
ﺻﻮﺭﻩﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺑﻮ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺪﺭﻩ
ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﻼﺳﻨﺎﻥ - ﻓﺤﺺ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ .
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .
-2 ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺩﺗﻚ ﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﻪ .
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ICAO ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ .
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻝ
TOFEL 500 ﺍﻭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻝ IELTS 5.5 ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ .
-3 ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
. ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﻮﺭ . ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ؟
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ؟
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ . ؟
ﻭ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﺍﻧﺼﺤﻚ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ .
-4 ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻦ 4 ﺭﺧﺺ
.
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ Private Pilot License
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Commercial Pilot License
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ Instrument Rating
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻮﻳﻪ Airline Transport Pilot License ATPL
ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ PPL
ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ
ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺳﺘﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﺭﺿﻲ CGI ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ .
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ .
ﺍﻥ المنهج ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺑﻲ JAA ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ لمنهج ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ FAA , ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ المهجين .
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ .
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﻪ .
Air Law & ATC procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ
. Operational procedure
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ
Aircraft general knowledge
ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ
Flight performance and planning
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻪ )
Human performance
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ Meteorology
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ Navigation
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Principles of flight
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ Communication
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ . Aircraft operation manual
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ .
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﻄﺎﺋﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺮﻭﺣﻪ . ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻴﻪ .
ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ في ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ .
ﻭ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﻨﺎ 152 Cessna
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺑﺒﻀﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ . ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻛﻚ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻟﺘﺎﺧﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ الوقت . ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ
ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻚ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ
-Taxi ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ Takeoff &
-Landing ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻝ
Fundamentals
of Flight and Basic Airwork
. ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
.1 ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ في ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ Effect and use of flight controls to
maintain desired flight attitude .
.2 ﺑﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﺭﺽ ﻛﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻟﻴﻼ
ﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮ
Use
outside references and cross-check with instruments for pitch,
bank, and power control .
.3 ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻔﻀﻬﺎ Trim technique .
.4 ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻱ
ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ . VFR Proper visual scanning and collision avoidance .
.5 ﺍﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻭ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ Methods that can
be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling .
.6 ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ، ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ - ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ
ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ Straight-and-level, climbs, descents, turns, and combinations .
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻝ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺩﺍﺅﻙ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ . ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝ First Solo ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ايضا ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ اكثر ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺏ ﻣﻨﻚ .
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﻭ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍ .Solo ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ للنجاحفي ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ 40 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Solo ﻭ
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ:
ﻛﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ b) Preflight procedures
ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ c) Airport base operations
ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ d) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ e) Performance maneuvers
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺿﻲ ﻛﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ f) Ground reference
maneuvers
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ g) Navigation
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ h) Slow flight and
stalls
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ i) Basic instrument maneuvers
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ j) Emergency operations
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻼ k) Night operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ l) Postflight procedures ;
.2 ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ Cross Country *ﺍﻱ ﺗﻘﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻬﺒﻂ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﺮ . ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ Solo ﻭ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ 150 Nm ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ
ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
.3 3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ . ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ) .
.4 ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 10 ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ 10 ﻫﺒﻮﻁ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ Full Stop.
5. 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ .
.6 3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ
.6 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Solo ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ Cross Country ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﻪ 150 ﻣﻴﻞ
ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
( ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻮﻝ . ﺍﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ FAA ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻖ
ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ )
ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ . ﺛﻢ
ﺳﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ . ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ
ﺳﻴﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻄﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ
ﻣﻨﻚ . ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺍﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ .
-2 ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ Commercial Pilot Training .
ﺳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ
. ﺑﺎﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ .ومنها
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Air law
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ Communication
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ Operating procedures
ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ Mass and balance
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ Meteorology
ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ Aircraft general knowledge
ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ Flight planning
ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ Performance
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ General navigation
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ Radio navigation
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ Human performance
ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ Principles of flight
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ دراسه ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ . ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ
ﺑﺬﻝ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺆﻫﻼ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻭ High Horse Power ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻝ Cessna 172 .
ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ Cessna
.152
.1 ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ 150 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ
100 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ Solo.
50 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ .
20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Cross Country ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 300 ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻤﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ .
5 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ night VFR conditions .
3 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ .
ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ تضمن ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ 20 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ .
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation b) Preflight procedures
ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ c) Airport base operations
ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ d) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ e) Performance maneuvers
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ f) Ground reference maneuvers
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ g) Navigation
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ h) Slow flight and stalls
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ i) Emergency operations
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ j) High-altitude operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ k) Postflight procedures .
ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ Check Ride . ﺍﺻﺒﺤﺖ
ﺍﻻﻥ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻳﺤﻖ ﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺟﺮ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ 50 ﻣﻴﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ
ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ VFR ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻼ .
ﺍﺫﺍ ﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ .
ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ Instrument Rating
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ لركاب ﺍﻭقائد لطائره ﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﺟﻮﺍﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺅﻳﻪ ﺍﻡ ﻻ . ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ .
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ . ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻚ
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻪ .Simulator
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
ﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ a-Airplane Instrument
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ b-Attitude Instrument Flying
ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ c-Navigation Systems
ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ d-Aviation Regulations
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ Holdings and Instrument approach
ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ f-Aviation Weather
ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ g-Charts
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ d-Aeromedical Factors
ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
-1 50 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ Cross Country ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 250 ﻣﻴﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺟﻬﺰﻩ
ﺍﻝ Navigation ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 6 Insrument Approach, Holding
procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses using
navigational systems
2- 40 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ IFR ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ 15 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ .
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻏﺒﻮﻙ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ a) Preflight preparation
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ b) Preflight procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺐ c) Air traffic control clearances and
procedures
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ d) Flight by reference to instruments
ﺍﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ e) Navigation systems
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ f) Instru ment approach procedures
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻯﺀ g) Emergency operations
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﻪ h) Postflight procedures
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻲ
ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﺪﻙ ﺍﻻ ﻭ ﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ Multi-Engine Add-on
ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ . ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ
ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Cpl ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ Ppl ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ .
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ:
-1 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻻﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻻ Piper Aztec ﺍﻭ Piper Seneca
ﻳﺘﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ،
-2 ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ Airplane POH
-3 ﺍﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ .
ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻮﻳﻪ Airline Trasport Pilot License
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻖ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﻩ PIC ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﺍﻧﻮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ CPL/IR ﻛﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ
ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ First Officer ﻭ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﺘﻦ PIC ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ .
ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻪ FAA ﻭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﻴﻦ CAAP ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ حاصلا ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Cpl
ﻣﻊ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ IR ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 1500 ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ . ﻭ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ للحصول علي ﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﻮ 23 ﺳﻨﻪ
.
ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ Frozen ATPL
ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﻪ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻛﺎﺩﻣﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻲ 14 ﻣﺎﺩﻩ .
MODULE 1
.1 Human Performance & Limitations
2. Air Law & ATC Procedures
3. Operational Procedures
4. VFR Communications
5. IFR Communications
6. Meteorology
MODULE 2
.7 Principles of Flight
8. Performance
9. Flight Planning
10. General Navigation
11. Mass & Balance
MODULE 3
.12 Aircraft General Knowledge
13. Instrumentation
14 Radio Navigation
ان ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺑﻲ...
ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ
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